Mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm treated with aortic stent and embolization: case report

Mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm (BAA) refers to a rare aneurysmal dilatation but can be potentially life threatening. Opportune treatment is mandatory upon a confirmed diagnosis. There are several reports of endovascular treatment of BAA with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and only a few cases treated with aortic stent-graft exclusion. Here, we report on two case studies of mediastinal BAAs with a short neck treated with a combined approach of stent-graft occlusion of the inflow and coil embolization of the outflow arteries. As a comparison, we reviewed seven other cases that were previous reported in literature for their clinical presentation and therapeutic management. Our study demonstrated that mediastinal BAA can be successfully treated with the available endovascular techniques. Combining approaches of aortic stent-graft placement and coil embolization is a viable option in the treatment of BAA with a short neck.